bom mildura observations
The ATSB expects that all safety issues identified by the investigation should be addressed by the relevant organisation(s). As a result of this development, the forecaster issued an amended TAF for Mildura at 0952 that was valid from 1000. During the telephone call with the company meteorologist, the BoM supported the content of the 0800 TTF that the fog would clear at 0900. The FOs roster showed that 16 and 17 June 2013 were rostered days off. The aircraft was due at Perth at 0020 WST so in accordance with the operator's fuel policy, fuel was not specifically carried for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome. The MATS also outlined the responsibility of air traffic service officers in relation to how information was to be communicated to relevant aircraft. In particular, the sections on hazard alerts were amended, with other sections relating to the provision of significant information and a hazard alert service, and the associated responsibilities, being deleted from the manual. Based on this revised information, the crew of Qantas 735 decided to divert to Mildura Airport, rather than holding or conducting an autoland at Adelaide. The estimated arrival time at Adelaide was 0917. Qantas 735 had not departed Sydney when the amended TAF for Adelaide was issued at 0700; however, they had entered the sterile cockpit[20] phase of flight. The actual weather conditions encountered by the flight crews of Velocity 1384 and Qantas735 on arrival at Mildura were below landing minima and significantly worse than the aerodrome forecast and weather reports used by both flight crews to assess its suitability as an alternate destination to Adelaide. Rockhampton Airport (Connor Park) (IATA: ROK, ICAO: YBRK) is a major Australian regional airport in West Rockhampton that services the city of Rockhampton, with direct flights to the cities of Brisbane, and Mackay.Flights have previously operated to Sydney and Melbourne but were cancelled due to lack of passenger numbers. With 1,500 kg of fuel remaining, the aircraft landed without incident in the fog with 250350 m visibility. Based on the report from the Adelaide tower controller that conditions were not suitable for landing, and that there had been no successful landing attempts, the crew of Velocity1384elected to divert to Mildura, Victoria at 0904. At this stage, the crew of Qantas 735 were aware of the changes to the TTF and continued to Adelaide on the basis that the fog would clear prior to their arrival. We are in a sense pushing back against the Council of Nicea, that established the canon of the bible and authority of those who ran the church. Officers may, at times, experience situations not specifically covered whereby the safety of an aircraft may be considered to be in doubt. Bureau Home > Radar Images > 128 km Mildura 5 min Rainfalls. Web. The search identified 160 occurrences, and that in 117 of these occurrences the crew received an alert of the deterioration from either ATC or the operators flight watch service. Posted July 23, 2019. They simply shout louder the same flawed (or worse) story. In my neck of the woods the BoM seem to be in the throes of replacing a long term, human attended, mercury thermometer and weather station with an AWS. However, it is also worth noting that the on-request service is workload dependent, and is therefore not guaranteed. The availability of a code grey forecast is unique to Australia, and is used to highlight the possibility of weather conditions that airline operators may wish to consider in terms of flight planning. 2 tank 18 kg remaining, with an imbalance of 576 kg. The United States (US) AIP that was current at the time of the occurrence listed the various areas of FIS that were provided to pilots in the US. In support of this decision, the flight following personnel understood that as this flight was not being actively flight followed, the flight crew would, as part of their normal responsibilities, be actioning any weather updates. On being informed by ATC that the latest trend forecast for Adelaide predicted a delay in the fog clearing of 30 minutes, and after gathering observation reports for Mildura, the crew of Qantas735also elected to divert there at 0913. A safety issue is an event or condition that increases safety risk and (a) can reasonably be regarded as having the potential to adversely affect the safety of future operations, and (b) is a characteristic of an organisation or a system, rather than a characteristic of a specific individual, or characteristic of an operating environment at a specific point in time. However, neither crew had access to this TAF and, even if they had, they would not have been able to use it for flight planning purposes at that stage as it was not valid for use before 1000. Neither crew were aware of this TAF nor would they have been able to use this forecast in support of their decision to divert. Jennifer, you have raised an extremely important point here about side by side verification testing, I wonder if any of the other bureau have the data? I am shocked that as late as the 90s and 2000s they were not taking every precaution in preservation of a national and world treasure. Shortly after both crew initiated a diversion to Mildura, the BoM released an amended TAF for Mildura, removing the TEMPO requirement. Automatic weather stations (AWS) provide data to the BoM that is used to generate observation reports and forecasts at various locations throughout Australia. Another Virgin aircraft then asked ATC to clarify if that report was for Melbourne, to which ATC replied negative, Adelaide. The objective of this service is to contribute towards the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation. That article highlighted the 60-minute flight time restriction on the provision of information. Why is there so much secrecy regarding their testing equipment? The controller then offered to gather further information for the crew of Qantas735but indicated there would be a slight delay in doing so. This included to equipment used in forecasting. They should be taking, and reporting, parallel measurements to confirm that the probes are measuring the same temperatures as a mercury thermometer would. It seems like a nasty trick may have been played on you because it is likely that all the data was available in electronic form. Both reported considering the observation reports that were current at the time as a more reliable indicator of the weather at Mildura Airport than the relevant forecast. The captains relevant aeronautical experience is outlined in Table3. TCZMONTH Page 1. Here is what vindication looks like: https://wattsupwiththat.com/2018/03/02/alarmists-throw-in-the-towel-on-poor-quality-surface-temperature-data-pitch-for-a-new-global-climate-reference-network/comment-page-1/#comments. Slight chance of a shower. Harris, D & Li, WC 2015, Decision Making in Aviation, Ashgate Publishing. It should be noted that ATC will only provide FIS to aircraft within 1 hours flight time of the destination or condition and, as the provision of FIS is workload dependent, pilots should not rely on this service in order to become aware of changes at their destination. This was based on the knowledge that the cloud base would preclude becoming visual via a normal approach. On the morning of 18 June 2013, a Boeing 737 aircraft, registered VH-YIR and operated by Virgin Australia, was conducting a scheduled passenger service from Brisbane, Queensland to Adelaide, South Australia. This imbalance was likely the result of the crossfeed valve being opened by the crew. [2] The fuel on board at take-off from Brisbane was 8,800 kg as recorded on the flight data recorder. please use the search box to find your location and then click "set as my default location" on the local weather page. In this amendment the section on the provision of FIS was changed in several areas. Potts, R, Boneh, T, Manickam, M, Miao, Y, Newham, P & Weymouth, G. Application of Bayesian Networks for fog forecasting for aviation in Australia. A SPECI is a special weather observation report that is triggered by a significant change in a set of parameters, including cloud and visibility. Civil Aviation Regulation 1988 (CAR) subregulation 257(4) specified that if an element of the meteorological minima for landing is less than that determined for the aircraft operation at the aerodrome, the aircraft must not land at that aerodrome. The 0303 TAF for Adelaide on the morning of the occurrence forecast scattered cloud and light winds. Research has shown that appropriate flight crew situation awareness relies on crew being alert to developing situations and aware of the implications of these situations (Orasanu, 1993). It also indicated that the provision of ATC-initiated FIS would be generally limited to aircraft within 60minutes flight time of the condition or destination at the time of the receipt of the information by ATC. The No. Velocity 1384 departed Brisbane, Queensland at 0638 Eastern Standard Time[1] and had six crew and 85 passengers on board. This resulted in local emergency services being contacted to initiate a response to the arrival of Velocity 1384. If an ABS is not available, pilots may request weather information from ATS as part of the on-request flight information service. The dispatch duty manager had oversight of the dispatch and flight watch functions at Qantas Airways Ltd. (Qantas). As a result, the crew elected to conduct a missed approach. The AvCam project [will] provide an additional tool for forecasters to assess current weather conditions, including fog, to supplement human observations or other automated present weather sensors and instrumentation. They discussed the conduct of a sighting approach to ensure the aircraft was aligned with the runway from the RNAV GNSS approach. The TAF also included TEMPO periods between 0500 and 1000 in which the cloud base was forecast to reduce to 600 ft AGL. Figure 3 shows the aircrafts approximate positions at 0900. These conditions can be determined by BoM or other AWSs. State and regional weather forecasts, current conditions, Bureau of Meteorology warnings, radar and satellite animations In terms of their in-flight decision making, it is reasonable to expect that such requests would occur prior to a decision point or point of no return. Their estimated arrival time at Mildura was 0942. The Brisbane and Melbourne flight information regions were listed in the section Middle East/Asia (MID/ASIA) Regional Supplementary Procedures. Qantas 735 departed Sydney, New South Wales at 0727 and had six crew and 146 passengers on board. Even a mere pleb such as myself can see that the temperature readings are remarkably different, and always tending higher, not lower. . In addition, the Virgin meteorologist reviewed other information sources to determine the probable impact of fog on the arrival of Velocity 1384. Figure 1: Approximate aircraft positions at 0700, when the amended forecast for Adelaide was issued with a 30 per cent probability of fog, Figure 2: Approximate aircraft positions at 0800, when the trend forecast for Adelaide was issued with fog conditions forecast to lift at 0900, Figure 3: Approximate aircraft positions at 0900, just prior to initiating the diversion to Mildura. The sources of information during the investigation included: Endsley, M 1997, The role of situation awareness in naturalistic decision making, in C Zsambok & G Klein (Eds.) Ltd. as Velocity 1384 and VH-VYK operated by Qantas Airways Ltd. as Qantas 735, were on scheduled flights to Adelaide, South Australia. On 12 March 2009, amendment 58 of the AIP changed the pilot responsibility in relation to FIS from requesting the operational information to obtaining the information. AWIS allows for the actual weather conditions at suitably-equipped locations to be accessed by telephone and, at some locations, the information is also broadcast on VHF. These reports: The on-request service is available to all aircraft in all classes of airspace on VHF or HF. Area Average Intensity . The crew of Qantas 735 had been monitoring the Mildura weather through ACARS and heard the transmission by ATC of the METAR information to Velocity 1384. As such, they did not always represent a significant or unforecast deterioration. As a result of its increased understanding of events, the ATSB has expanded the scope of its investigation to examine both of these diversions and their broader context. imagine a nearby lightning strike producing a believable pulse. An automated pre-recorded transmission indicating the prevailing weather conditions at the aerodrome and other relevant operational information for arriving and departing aircraft. Authorities are frustrated after a truck driver reportedly manoeuvred around warning signs only to become caught in floodwaters at Lethebrook forcing a swiftwater rescue mission overnight . This assessment resulted in the controller passing the latest SPECI for Mildura to all of the aircraft on frequency at 0935, which included Velocity 1384 and Qantas735. For all other short haul domestic flights, this service was not guaranteed, and was provided as workload permitted. The BoM reported at the time that this was not unusual, as records showed that in the previous 20 years, fogs formed at both Adelaide and Edinburgh on about 50 per cent of occasions that it was forecast, with Edinburgh proving to be the greater risk. The first SPECI indicating the presence of fog was issued at 0948, showing visibility as 900 m in fog and cloud overcast at 100 ft. These requests for forecasts and observations ceased when Qantas 735 reached holding waypoint BLACK. Airservices advised that monitoring of a flight will increase if flight crew declare an emergency. Information on the provision of hazard alerts was amended to require controllers to: Communicate a sudden (not forecast or NOTAMed) change to a component of FIS having an immediate and detrimental effect on the safety of aircraft by using the prefix Hazard Alert. This information included the current TAF at the time the crew diverted to Mildura, which forecast a TEMPO period of low cloud covering their planned arrival time. Airservices Australia (Airservices) advised that a diversion in these circumstances would not generally trigger controllers or supervisors to increase their monitoring of conditions at the alternate. In contrast, the crew of Qantas 735 had greater time to make that assessment. While the provision of FIS for known hazardous flight conditions is supplied to pilots, this is dependent on many factors, including controller workload. However, the accuracy of the on-board equipment meant that Qantas 735 and Velocity 1384 were aligned with the runway centre-line during the final part of their respective approaches. This emphasises the importance of the BoMs ongoing efforts to improve the accuracy of meteorological forecasting. Non-normal procedures that are deemed time critical contain memory items for actioning by the crew before referencing the QRH. See more current weather. similar occurrences to that at Mildura in June 2013. encounter with unforecast weather, including VFR flight into instrument meteorological conditions. In this occurrence, the forecast extension of the fog at Adelaide occurred after DPA, which limited the available options. Discretionary loading of additional fuel by an aircraft captain was allowed under each operators fuel policy. There are many more maximum temperatures measurements available for the electronic probe (n=948) than for the mercury thermometer (n=115), and the distribution is quite different, with a somewhat more normal distribution for the probe data, as shown in Figure 2. These findings should not be read as apportioning blame or liability to any particular organisation or individual. As the flight crew of Qantas 735 was preparing to depart Sydney, just prior to leaving the gate, the 0700 amended TAF for Adelaide was issued. Taking into account their recent duty and rest opportunities, it is considered that FO fatigue was not a factor in the occurrence. Data from the CVR indicated that the crew actioned the low fuel and fuel imbalance checklists from memory. The crew reported that as they descended toward the revised minimum, the extent of the cloud reduced and they gained sufficient visual reference of the runway environment to continue the approach. Applicable to this occurrence, where the valid TAF indicated weather below landing minima at the destination, and a recent observation report indicated weather above the minima (without a trend specified, that is no TTF), CASA reported that: for in-flight planning considerations the decision making must be based on the forecast element so a pilot must hold an alternate and applicable fuel but is able to make a decision to attempt an approach at the destination should the flight crew calculate additional fuel is available to do so. These included updates of forecasts and observations and occurred frequently for the remainder of the flight to waypoint BLACK (48 NM or 89 km from Adelaide). Pilots are reminded of their responsibility for collecting all relevant information to support inflight decision making. Then, to discover new sampling stations are in different locations from the older ones but are assumed to be the same for temperature measurements is almost unbelievable. While runway 16 at Melbourne Airport met the requirements of flight instrument procedures requiring autoland capability, on the morning of the occurrence, the forecast for Melbourne was for low cloud and a 30 per cent chance of fog until 1000. The section went on to state the prevention of collisions and expediting of traffic will take precedence over this service. These included a RNAV GNSS approach to runway 27 with a minima of 660 ft and a Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)[16] or GNSS arrival, to be used with the Mildura non-directional beacon (NDB)[17] or VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR)[18] ground-based navigation aids. On nearing Adelaide, the forecast improvement in weather conditions had not occurred and as a result, both aircraft commenced a diversion to Mildura, Victoria. ISO 17025) for any of its AWS. The arrival time of Velocity 1384 was planned for 0920, which was after the forecast clearance of the fog. Subsequent SPECIs show that the visibility at Mildura reached a low of 200 m in fog at 1011. To supplement the information already provided, the crew asked ATC for the latest observation reports for Mildura. BoM records at the time showed that Adelaide Airport averaged 4.9 fog events per annum. 3.3.5 FIS does not diminish the responsibilities normally vested in the pilot of an aircraft, including that for making a final decision regarding any suggested alteration to flight plan. The second was the issue of an Aeronautical Information Circular, effective 12 March 2009 that was intended to provide education on changes to the delivery of the SPECI and ARFOR elements of the ATC initiated Flight Information Service (FIS). Automatic En Route Information Service (AERIS), Aerodrome Weather Information Service (AWIS), and. Quality checks on data are not normally performed. In relation to the weather at Mildura, the ATSB found that the deterioration was significantly worse than originally forecast. READ MORE. The captain reported routinely uploading additional fuel for contingencies. Analysis of the second lot of forms, received on 4 December, has proven more problematic because of the quality of the available data, and absence of critically important data. Common Traffic Advisory Frequency is the frequency on which pilots operating at a non-towered aerodrome should make positional radio broadcasts. At 0950, Velocity 1384 sought an update on the weather from Qantas 735, who stated that the fog had appeared to be getting thicker but was now clearing, although the cloud was still below minima. They could, however, access the weather if requested by flight crew or for their own information. The MATS section on hazard alerting required ATC to prefix an FIS call with Hazard Alert in the case of a change to a component of FIS not described in a current meteorological product or NOTAM. I have watched Peter Ridd on Sky and his revelations are very troubling but, to me, unsurprising. However, fuel uplift records from Sydney and Mildura, as well as flight plan fuel figures adjusted for taxi and auxiliary power unit fuel burn, enabled the ATSB to calculate if this requirement could be met. Also at 0918, the BoM issued a SPECI[5] observation for Mildura, showing cloud at 200 ft above ground level (AGL) but visibility in excess of 10 km. In this case, the captain of Qantas 735 chose to load additional fuel prior to departure, however this was not in response to a forecast weather condition. It also noted that: To ensure that accurate information is obtained in adequate time, pilots must take into consideration that ATC initiated FIS is limited to aircraft within one hours flight time of the condition or destination at time of receipt of the information by ATC. Other formats To print this page, get the PDF version (one page, 45 kb ). The review determined that, because the TAF had only a 30 per cent chance of fog and the TTF issued at the same time forecast no deterioration, the amended TAF would not be passed to the flight crew. This role included liaison with flight dispatch to update flight plans and manage diversions as applicable. In addition, both had a flight following (flight watch) service for long haul operations (typically international) and limited following for short haul domestic operations. The crew of Qantas 735 elected to hold at waypoint BLACK, which was 48 NM (89km) from Adelaide, rather than continue their descent to the airport, which was still affected by fog. After obtaining further information from the crew, ATC initiated an alert phase and at 0958, after contacting the crew again, ATC activated the Mildura Airport emergency procedures. The availability of SPECI from an ABS meets the requirement for in-flight information service. That is, conditions that were forecast to be below the alternate minima, were actually observed to be above those minima. (iii) relay of communications with ATC: IFR clearance and SVFR [special VFR] authorization. The next routine forecast will be issued at 4:30 pm EDT Thursday. The captain reported flying SydneyAdelaide and return on 17June2013 with about a 6.5 hour duty time. Latest Weather Observations for Mildura IDV60801 Issued at 9:22 am EDT Monday 16 January 2023 (issued every 10 minutes, with the page automatically refreshed every 10 minutes) About weather observations | Map of weather stations | Latest weather observations for VIC | Other Formats Station Details ID: 076031 Name: MILDURA AIRPORT Lat: -34.24 About 10 minutes later, the TTF was amended to forecast fog to occur before the aircraft's arrival time. These conditions were reported back to Qantas 735 as including a visibility of 700 m in fog. The closing date for feedback is 29 January 2016. Oh dear Dr Marohasy, BoM must be triggered by this post: https://thewest.com.au/news/weather/bureau-of-meteorology-staff-step-up-industrial-action-ng-b88757610z. However, on arriving at Mildura, the crew of both aircraft encountered weather conditions worse than those forecast and reported prior to the diversion. Irrespective, the extent and duration of the deterioration meant that even meeting the TEMPO fuel requirement, this would not have provided sufficient fuel to hold until the fog and low cloud at Mildura cleared sufficiently. This resulted in the need for both Qantas 735 and Velocity 1384 to land in conditions that were below minima. . Mildura Latest Weather Observations around Mildura Latest Weather Observations around Mildura (beta) Map View MetEye View the current warnings for Victoria Change location Start typing (town, city, postcode or lat/lon), then select from list below. 0. FL400 equates to 40,000 ft. This TEMPO meant that anyone flying to Mildura Airport required either 60 minutes of holding fuel to outlast the predicted deterioration, or needed to nominate an alternate destination airport. However, this call occurred just prior to the commencement of the 2-hour, continuous loop cockpit voice recording for the flight. Given that the bureau has installed these probes in over 500 locations around Australia, you would assume that the proper comparative tests would have been extremely thorough, and performed at various sites of temperature extremes before they were widely introduced. Concerned about your property? 2 main wing tank been consumed, the position of the crossfeed valve at OPEN would have ensured fuel was supplied to both engines from the No. IDCJDW3051.202211Prepared at 16:01 UTC on Monday 16 January 2023. The estimated time of arrival at Adelaide was 0920. The provision of flight information service by New Zealand ATC and the precedence afforded the provision of ATC services over FIS are consistent with the service provided by Airservices. The fuel quantity remaining is indicated in tonnes on the upper display unit (Figure4). As the Mildura AWIS was not broadcasting, application of the lower minima could only be applied if the actual QNH was obtained from ATC. The crew of Qantas 735 asked ATC if the forecast improvement was likely to occur as expected. Fail passive capability is the minimum required aircraft capability to conduct a Cat II and some CAT IIIA ILS approaches. To get other months or places not on this web site, contact us. They also cautioned that observations should only be used if the arrival time was proximal to the observation and, if the forecast indicated conditions below minima, the forecast would have precedence over observations. The automatic broadcast services did not have the capacity to recognise and actively disseminate special weather reports (SPECI) to pilots, thus not meeting the intent of the SPECI alerting function provided by controller-initiated flight information service. Moron Australis here we come! - Displayed until quantity is increased to 1,134 kg (2,500 lbs). Whomsoever is in charge of this outfit must be a cowboy, and the workers presumably lazy cattle hands who just go with the flow. It cautioned that pilots must consider that time period when complying with the requirement to obtain information on which to base their operational decisions. Council continues to monitor flooding throughout the rivers that pass through the municipality.For the latest information, including flood warnings, road closures and support available, or to access our Community Relief and Support Service please click on the link below. The BoM also advised that the forecast for the airport was recalculated twice overnight using the observed 2,000 ft wind speed and direction from the upper wind balloon flights at 2100 on 17 June and 0300 on 18 June. Supervisors at Melbourne Centre indicated that the BoM would often ask for more than one report of deteriorating weather to inform their decision making in relation to amending a forecast. In addition, improved conditions could be expected from 1000 as the wind was forecast to tend southerly and both fog and low cloud were rare in a southerly flow at Mildura. For in-flight FIS, the service consisted of three elements: ATC-initiated FIS allowed for the provision to crews by ATC of pertinent operational information. In order to proceed to an airport with a TEMPO for deterioration of weather conditions below the alternate criteria, crews must ensure they have sufficient fuel to hold for the duration of the deterioration and land with fuel reserves intact, or provide for flight to an alternate destination. This speaks volumes about their integrity and character. Dr. Marohasy, On this basis, and the additional information gathered by the meteorologist, flight operations did not pass the 0800TTF to the crew of Velocity 1384. Section Middle East/Asia ( MID/ASIA ) Regional Supplementary Procedures print this page, 45 kb bom mildura observations! 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