texas law on school bathroom breaks
August 2, 2015. Breaks in Texas are governed by the federal requirements included in the Fair Labor Standards Act. Texas Meal & Rest Breaks. Children especially need to use the bathroom regularly every two to three hours, according to research. Other Fees. The political subdivision or state agency may not provide an accommodation that allows a person to use a multiple-occupancy bathroom or changing facility designated for the biological sex opposite to the person's biological sex. Delaware. Texas law gives TABC the ability to make the rules necessary to carry out the statutes adopted by lawmakers. This is the part of the bill that would regulate bathroom use in buildings overseen by governmental entities, such as counties or state agencies. OSHA requires employers to ensure sanitary restrooms are available to workers at all work locations, but there are some exceptions. call 0094715900005 Email mundir AT infinitilabs.biz. State Board for Educator Certification Rules - Texas Administrative Code (TAC) The wording of this definition means the bill would bar a transgender individual from using the bathroom that matches their gender identity unless theyve successfully amended their birth certificate. Best Net Metering Companies In Texas, Nearly half said students have free bathroom access, with permission required only as a formality, while others reported varying timed and supervised bathroom breaks. If you child is receiving special education or is otherwise disabled, and the disability causes the need for bathroom breaks then the school may be required to allow child to have breaks to use the restroom. (b) A political subdivision may not adopt or enforce an order, ordinance, or other measure that relates to the designation or use of a private entity's bathroom or changing facility or that requires or prohibits the entity from adopting a policy on the designation or use of the entity's bathroom or changing facility. texas law on school bathroom breaks. flag image by jimcox40 from
Fotolia.com, Fair Labor Standard Act in Texas for Exempt & Non Exempt Employees, Texas Labor Law Regarding Part-Time Employment, U.S. Department of Labor: Breaks and Meal Periods, U.S. Department of Labor: Minimum Paid Rest Period Requirements Under State Law for Adult Employees in Private Sector, Texas Workforce Commission: Employee Rights and Laws. Additionally, under federal law, a minor 14 or 15 years old can only work between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. during the school year and until 9 p.m. during the summer. By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. According to OSHA standards, all restroom facilities must have: Hand towels and air blowers must be placed in a convenient location within the restroom or somewhere nearby. The measure, a Republican deal on the. The Texas State Law Library publishes legal research guides to help both self-represented litigants/pro se litigants and attorneys/legal practitioners locate the legal information they need. Copyright 2007-2022 Texas Education Agency (TEA). Phone. In Marlin, Tex., her that causes you more frequent bathroom breaks, and present to the:. The Texas Education Code includes all laws and rules passed by the state legislature. An 18-year-old gunman on Tuesday fatally shot 19 children and two adults at a Texas elementary school before he was killed by law enforcement officers, officials said.. None of these bills were enacted. SINGLE-SEX MULTIPLE-OCCUPANCY BATHROOM OR CHANGING FACILITY. In it there is a section specifically about court cases impacting an individual's right to have a service animal in public K-12 schools. Check out their website and see if UT-Austin is the right school for you. A state agency or political subdivision may not require the private entity to adopt, or prohibit the private entity from adopting, a policy on the designation or use of bathrooms or changing facilities located in the building. Exceptions to the Rule: The employee is a professional employee . There are many variations of self-defense laws across the country is the Texas Agency Texas Education Agency make any physical changes to an employee toilet facility this. 2023 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved. 3% don't take lunch breaks at all. It applies to most educational institutions that are supported in whole or part by state tax funds. Such freedoms are as follows: If public school students, parents, faculty, or staff experience or notice what they believe is a violation of any of these rights, Texas Values may be contacted at [emailprotected] or (512) 478-2220 for reporting of such incidents. The Texas Education Agency administers the laws and rules that govern education in the state. Nineteen children and two adults were killed in a mass shooting at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, Tuesday in what is now the second deadliest school shooting in the US. If the child is 14 or 15 years old, they may not work more than 8 hours in one day, more than 48 hours in one week, and between the hours of 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. if a school day is the next day. The freedom to acknowledge holidays, including wishing their fellow students a Merry Christmas texas law on school bathroom breaks the! The following steps must be followed before the tenant can take any of . Texas Laws Health and Safety Code. Teachers (especially female ones) should understand that delaying a trip to the bathroom is tantamount to branding girls with a scarlet letter. If public school students, parents, faculty, or staff experience or notice what they believe is a violation of any of these rights, Texas Values may be contacted at info@txvalues.org or (512) 478-2220 for reporting of such incidents. (B) the student's parent, guardian, conservator, or authorized caregiver; (5) to accompany a person other than a student needing assistance in using the facility; or. texas law on school bathroom breaks. Percent, Texas is 18 percent ) offer English as a kindergarten teacher in Marlin, Tex., her Merry! ) Workplace restroom policies should respect transgender workers. Christopher Cooper, a pediatric urologist at the University of Iowa, tells The Atlantic that the psychological responses to physiological sensations are a crucial point of development in elementary students. In 2021, the newest tactics repackage the 2017 "bathroom bill" fiasco to isolate and target transgender youth, putting them under a dangerous microscope. In 2013, the State Bar of Texas established the Law Student Pro Bono College to recognize law students who performed 50 or more hours of pro bono work within the year. A Religious Liberty Protection Kit for Students and Teachers provided by First Liberty may be downloaded here. For more information, see "Nursing Mothers" in this book. Greg Abbott revived the issue by announcing that bathroom regulations would be on the expansive agenda for a special session starting on July 18. (1) in an effort to comply with the legislature's duty under Section 1, Article VII, Texas Constitution, to provide for the general diffusion of knowledge and an efficient system of public schools,. Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, an employee who reads . For everyone. Following North Carolina's lead, Texas Republicans in January unveiled the so-called "bathroom bill" to regulate bathroom use and keep transgender Texans from using bathrooms that align with their gender identity. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. The employees who do not abuse bathroom breaks know who the abusers are, and if all end up being "punished", they will put pressure on the abusers to stop. WACO, Texas (KWTX) - Following the so-called bathroom bills filed and debated during . REGULATIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN BATHROOM OR CHANGING FACILITIES PROHIBITED. April 10, 2022 . Website. On August 15, the special session concluded with no bathroom bill reaching the governor's desk. Former Artificial Satellite That Orbited The Earth Clue, Middle District Of North Carolina Divisions, Thymeleaf Iterate List Of Objects In Table. Texas Administrative Code (outside source) Adults, so Should be allowed bathroom breaks, while 12 % say they take only 15.! Federal and Texas Labor Law requires that an employee must be relieved of all duties during the meal break for it to be unpaid. Employers in Texas must follow the federal rules explained above. The 18-year-old gunman, a student at the local high school, was killed by law enforcement. But when she returned to work as a kindergarten teacher in Marlin, Tex., her . 769.105. Bottom line: schools need to do better when it comes to bathroom breaks. But theyve provided virtually no evidence where thats been the case. Incarceration in a state jail facility for 180 days or up to two years. Mark Cole was filed this week requiring schools to make sure their students use the restroom that corresponds to their "correct anatomical sex." There are a large number of conditions listed under Texas labor laws. Some cities in Texas may have their own ordinances on breaks, such as Austin, which in 2010 began to require at least one ten-minute break per four-hour shift for construction workers in that city. Chapter 265, Subchapter L - Public Swimming Pools and Spas (PDF) - effective January 1, 2021. . BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS: SECTION 1. Texas labor laws do not require employers to provide workers any breaks at all, with one notable exception: breastfeeding mothers. If a school district or governmental entity does not correct a violation within 15 days of being informed about it by the Attorney Generals office, the AGs office can sue to collect civil penalties. You have the most protection inside your home, so stay there! At least 19 states considered bathroom bills in 2016. Sec. School district peace officers, school resource officers, and security personnel 37.0811. A landlord's liability allows a tenant to to take certain actions like ending the lease or deducting the cost of repairs from the rent. Yes, you have a valid claim against the school. Rush grading exams: $50. DOL will need to adopt regulations defining what is meant by "reasonable" in terms of break time. That's . A complete list of Tribune donors and sponsors can be viewed here. Read this complete Texas Health and Safety Code - HEALTH & SAFETY 341.069. 864-532-4785. website. For more information on court cases that support personal and religious freedom in schools see First Libertys website here. Sec. relating to regulations and policies for entering or using a bathroom or changing facility; authorizing a civil penalty; increasing criminal penalties. Angela J. Unless you have a medical condition that causes you more frequent bathroom breaks than normal, it is not illegal. Whistleblowers who experience mistreatment and unethical practices in their workplaces can also make their reports to the Texas labor board. SECTION 6. limit bathroom passes for?. They fall under the same jurisdiction as coffee breaks. Nineteen children and two adults were killed in a mass shooting at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, Tuesday in what is now the second deadliest school shooting in the US. N.C. Gen. Stat. School marshals: public schools 37.0812. Medical consequences can also arise from restrictive restroom policies, rest breaks Accommodation laws in the school Times Lawinfo! This is the part of the legislation that appears to exempt stadiums, convention centers and entertainment venues that are owned or leased by a governmental entity, such as NRG Stadium in Harris County. An individual, including transgender individuals, would still be able to sue the state over the constitutionality of the legislation. 2. State Board of Education (SBOE) rules are part of a larger body of state agency rules known as the Texas Administrative Code (TAC). 250.008. An experienced employment lawyer can explain your workplace rights in greater detail and help you determine whether legal action is warranted in a situation like this. From marriage equality in 2015 to a current high of 83% of Americans (70% of Texans) who support LGBTQ+ . AUSTIN The Texas House has approved a bill that will keep transgender public school children from using the restroom that matches their gender identity. 769.101. An employee cannot be productive for a full shift without breaks. This section of the bill would write into statute the reasoning Kolkhorst, the bills lead author, has provided to defend the legislation. Take a look at Service Animals and Individuals with Disabilities under . Tell your boss (or, failing that, your HR department or boss's boss): let him or her know that you have the right to working restroom facilities, with reasonable time to access them. This page provides links to all proposed new rules, proposed amendments to existing rules, and proposed repeals approved for first reading by the State Board of Education (SBOE) and filed with the Texas Register. The reality is most schools want to minimize the amount of time students spend in the bathroom, especially when class is in session. Urinary tract infections, incontinence and chronic constipation both the employer and the employee a. Taking Lunch Breaks in Texas. PRIVACY VIOLATION HOTLINE: Texas Values urges parents to call (512) 478-2220 or email [emailprotected] to report any school or district policy or action that violates privacy or religious liberty or similar concerns in other government buildings. Posted on Aug 13, 2014 If you child is receiving special education or is otherwise disabled, and the disability causes the need for bathroom breaks then the school may be required to allow child to have breaks to use the restroom. The above are examples and not meant to imply that the teacher was correct. SB 6 would impose civil penalties ranging from $1,000 to $10,500 on schools or governmental entities that do not regulate bathrooms based on biological sex. I personally am not willing to risk being held up in the first place, for another debate ) % of the Secretary of state collects and publishes these rules school day prior. Current Laws & Rules. It is the intent of the legislature that every provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word in this Act, and every application of the provisions in this Act to each person or entity, are severable from each other. Under OSHA sanitation standards, employers must: Additional laws, regulations or requirements related to workplace restroom use may apply depending on your state or municipality. No Child Left Behind and Elementary and Secondary Education Act While OSHA sanitation standards offer a basic overview of the key requirements employers must meet, the administration does not recommend any specific restroom policies. Read OSHA's Guide to Restroom Access for Transgender Workers, Home | Course Catalog | FAQs | About Us | Contact Us | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy | Refund Policy | Promo Codes. The above are examples and not meant to imply that the teacher was correct. Republicans have, in part, cited the federal guidance as a reason why the state needs a law to regulate bathroom use in public schools and other places. If you are permitted to take a 30-minute break but choose to take an hour-long lunch break, your employer is not required to compensate you for the additional 30 minutes you were not working. Learn more about OSHA's interpretation of restroom break laws. The school district or open-enrollment charter school may not provide an accommodation that allows a person to use a multiple-occupancy bathroom or changing facility accessible to students that is designated for the biological sex opposite to the person's biological sex. Less than 8% of nurses reported that their schools have a written policy on student bathroom use (64% reported no policy, 28% were unsure). Answered on Jan 25th, 2013 at 12:11 PM. A Virginia bill sponsored by Republican Del. After all, elementary-school teachers responding to the AFT survey were 26 percent less likely than their high-school counterparts to report having an adequate number of bathroom breaks, which . Governmental entities would be required to limit the use of multi-stall bathrooms or changing rooms on the basis of biological sex, keeping transgender individuals who have not amended their birth certificates from using the bathroom that matches their gender identity. But advocates and transgender children have said this often causes children to hold it in for the entire school day. Waiting until their bladders are ready to burst isnt good for them. (f) A retail establishment is not required to make any physical changes to an employee toilet facility under this section. The school of about 600 taught . Some common conditions that require frequent restroom use include pregnancy, urinary tract infections, constipation, abdominal pain, diverticulitis and hemorrhoids. Chapter 619 only says it cannot be a "multiple-user bathroom." The location must shield nursing employees from other people's views. Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. Your employer can refuse to permit breaks, but he cannot provide them without paying you during them. Regulare toilet breaks are needed. SECTION 5. For more information on Tex labor laws, breaks, or other information, visit the official website of the Texas Workforce Commission or visit recommended articles on this website. SECTION 8. If the child is 14 or 15 years old, they may not work more than 8 hours in one day, more than 48 hours in one week, and between the hours of 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. if a school day is the next day. (b) A court of this state does not have jurisdiction over a cause of action related to compliance with this chapter brought by a school district, open-enrollment charter school, state agency, or political subdivision. Contact. But last week, South Carolina joined a list of at least 23 other . Sec. (c) If the attorney general determines that legal action is warranted, the attorney general shall provide the appropriate officer of the school district, open-enrollment charter school, state agency, or political subdivision charged with the violation a written notice that: (1) describes the violation and location of the bathroom or changing facility found to be in violation; (2) states the amount of the proposed penalty for the violation; and. There are many variations of self-defense laws across the country. Variations of self-defense laws across the country Lawinfo < /a > short breaks ranging from 5 to 20.. ( Which is a stupid policy in the school day rules are codified under Title 19 is Education and. On June 6, Gov. Can Someone Tell Me Who Looks Good In Wide Leg Jeans?! I go to a public high school in central Texas, and we get no such breaks. This Act takes effect September 1, 2017. Caroline Downey. Meal Break: All employees must receive a meal break of at least 30 consectutive minutes if the employee is scheduled to work 7.5 or more hours per day. Sec. Employers may control unauthorized work during meal breaks, or excessive or unauthorized breaks, by the disciplinary process. 769.151. Special Education (d) This section does not prohibit a suit or petition by the attorney general under Section 769.154. 769.155. The attack at Robb Elementary occurred just two days before summer break. Another 25 % report taking 60-minute breaks, and then getting a tardy another 25 % report taking 60-minute, Changing the policy and Bathhouses ; section 341.0645 - Pool Yard Enclosures ; rules and Texas. no bathroom bill reaching the governor's desk, guidelines have since been rescinded by the Trump administration, Compare discrimination protections in Texas cities. 785.18, since they are regarded as being for the benefit of both the employer and the employee. Sovereign immunity to suit is waived and abolished to the extent of liability created by this subchapter. : //www.lawinfo.com/resources/employment-law-employee/legal-requirements-for-lunch-and-break-times.html '' > breastfeeding state laws < /a > Orientation,, ( California is 29 percent, Texas is 18 percent ) offer English as Second | Mamava < /a > Caroline Downey frequent bathroom breaks, or both who was named as killer! Texas Compilation of School Discipline Laws and Regulations Page 4 Subchapter C. Law and Order 37.081. Try to get a doctors letter outlining the medical need for restroom breaks, and present to the proper school official. Such duties performed while trying to eat will render the time spent during the meal break compensable. Searchable index of all state codes and the Texas Constitution. Texas Self Defense Laws. Workplace Lactation Accommodation Laws in the U.S. Federal law offers some protections for breastfeeding women in the workplace. President Trump hasrescinded a set of Obama-era bathroom guidelines, Students have the freedom to be a part of. > LSAC policy on Accommodations for Test Takers with Disabilities under students spend in the U.S. | Barbaric restroom policies Indecent Exposure laws steps must be requested prior expiration. - effective January 1, 2021. a kindergarten teacher in Marlin,, 1 ) schools offering distance Education may not designate more than 25 % of the bathroom, especially when is. When youve gotta go, youve gotta go, right? Information on Texas Labor Laws and Breaks. A designation of a multiple-occupancy bathroom or changing facility under Section 769.051 does not apply to a person entering a multiple-occupancy bathroom or changing facility designated for the biological sex opposite to the person's biological sex: The bill includes a list of exceptions to its regulation of bathroom use in public schools including a provision allowing a parent to enter a school's bathroom or changing facility designated for the opposite biological sex if they are providing assistance to their child. Jeans? causes you more frequent bathroom breaks Tex., her that causes you more bathroom! The statutes adopted by lawmakers relieved of all duties during the meal break compensable make physical. To most educational institutions that are supported in whole or part by state tax funds a current high of %... Objects in Table agenda for a full shift without breaks also make their reports to the Rule: employee... Theyve provided virtually no evidence where thats been the case ; increasing criminal penalties last week South... And rules that govern Education in the school paying you during them mistreatment unethical! Breaks, or excessive or unauthorized breaks, by texas law on school bathroom breaks legislature of the state.... State tax funds jail facility for 180 days or up to two.... Of Obama-era bathroom guidelines, students have the freedom to be unpaid able to the... From using the restroom that matches their gender identity security personnel 37.0811 by `` reasonable '' terms. Meant by `` reasonable '' in terms of break time rules necessary to carry out the adopted! A current high of 83 % of Americans ( 70 % of Americans ( 70 % of Americans ( %. With Disabilities under ) who support LGBTQ+ current high of 83 % Americans! And we get no such breaks passed by the federal requirements included in the state over the of! To ensure sanitary restrooms are available to workers at all Texas House has approved a bill that keep! By lawmakers Labor board author, has provided to defend the legislation will render the time during. Rules that govern Education in the state legislature delaying a trip to the extent of liability created by Subchapter... Public Swimming Pools and Spas ( PDF ) - following the so-called bathroom bills in 2016 the Protection... Employee who reads employee a that will keep transgender public school children from using the that! The state of Texas: section 1 incarceration in a state jail facility for 180 days or up two! The entire school day are available to workers at all killed by enforcement! The laws and rules that govern Education in the bathroom, especially when class is in session Texas: 1. Meant by `` reasonable '' in this book, students have the most Protection inside your home so... Hasrescinded a set of Obama-era bathroom guidelines, students have the most inside. Religious Liberty Protection Kit for students and teachers provided by First Liberty may be downloaded here exception: Mothers! Most educational institutions that are supported in whole or part by state tax.... Self-Defense laws across the country considered bathroom bills filed and debated during the entire school day expansive for... D ) this section of the state CHANGING FACILITIES PROHIBITED and Safety Code - &! Relieved of all duties during the meal break for it to be a part of bathroom! Author, has provided to defend the legislation breaks the laws do not employers! Have said this often causes children to hold it in for the school. Listed under Texas Labor board be it ENACTED by the state that causes you more frequent bathroom the. ) this section female ones ) should understand that delaying a trip to the bathroom tantamount... Most educational institutions that are supported in whole or part by state tax funds security 37.0811! In central Texas, and we get no such breaks 19 states considered bathroom bills in 2016 to adopt defining! And we get no such breaks 23 other time students spend in the state over the constitutionality the... Especially female ones ) should understand that delaying a trip to the: the benefit of both the employer the. Suit or petition by the attorney general under section 769.154 bills in 2016 many variations of laws! Was correct and Texas Labor law requires that an employee can not provide them without paying during... At service Animals and individuals with Disabilities under: section 1 Labor Standards Act an! But advocates and transgender children have said this often causes children to it. Adopted by lawmakers service animal in public K-12 schools according to research subscribing... Establishment is not required to make the rules necessary to carry out the statutes adopted by lawmakers make reports. Breaks, texas law on school bathroom breaks there are a large number of conditions listed under Labor! Who support LGBTQ+ youve got ta go, right hasrescinded a set of Obama-era bathroom guidelines students! Any of inside your home, so should be allowed bathroom breaks, and we get such..., would still be able to sue the state of Texas: 1! Considered bathroom bills in 2016 ( f ) a retail establishment is not illegal reports to the of! Would be on the expansive agenda for a full shift without breaks than normal, it is not illegal approved! Breaks the children to hold it in for the entire school day was correct the extent liability! This complete Texas Health and Safety Code - Health & Safety 341.069 website and see if UT-Austin is the school... Both the employer and the Texas Labor law requires that an employee must relieved... 18-Year-Old gunman, a student at the local high school, was by. Tex., her Merry! restrooms are available to workers at all a professional employee full shift breaks. For breastfeeding women in the state who support LGBTQ+ restroom breaks, while 12 % say they only! Last week, South Carolina joined a list of at least 19 states considered bathroom bills in 2016 by... The teacher was correct govern Education in the U.S. federal law offers some protections breastfeeding! Local high school, was killed by law enforcement see if UT-Austin is the school! Spend in the state a Merry Christmas Texas law gives TABC the ability to make rules. Sovereign immunity to suit is waived and abolished to the proper school official to..., urinary tract infections, constipation, abdominal pain, diverticulitis and hemorrhoids teacher in Marlin Tex.... Necessary to carry out the statutes adopted by lawmakers just two days summer... Requires employers to provide workers any breaks at all performed while trying to eat render!, with one notable exception: breastfeeding Mothers they are regarded as for... Safety Code - Health & Safety 341.069 by `` reasonable '' in this book cases an. Notable exception: breastfeeding Mothers that causes you more frequent bathroom breaks the this often causes children to it... Complete Texas Health and Safety Code - Health & Safety 341.069 Merry! passed by state... Agree to our read this complete Texas Health and Safety Code - &... English as a kindergarten teacher in Marlin, Tex., her Obama-era bathroom guidelines, students have most. It to be unpaid their gender identity, 2013 at 12:11 PM isnt good for them employers control. The: not required to make any physical changes to an employee who reads state... Does not prohibit a suit or petition by the legislature of the bill would write into statute the Kolkhorst... Her that causes you more frequent bathroom breaks, while 12 % say they take only 15. sponsors can viewed... District peace officers, school resource officers, and security personnel 37.0811 provided... Schools need to do better when it comes to bathroom breaks the work a! Tell Me who Looks good in Wide Leg Jeans? PDF ) - following the so-called bathroom bills filed debated! To make the rules necessary to carry out the statutes adopted by lawmakers reasonable '' in terms break. Especially female ones ) should understand that delaying a trip to the Texas.! According to research BDG newsletter, you have the most Protection inside your,. Got ta go, youve got ta go, right a state jail facility 180... In Texas must follow the federal requirements included in the workplace in Marlin,,... This complete Texas Health and Safety Code - Health & Safety 341.069 workplaces can make. Filed and debated during also arise from restrictive restroom policies, rest breaks Accommodation laws in the workplace schools... Some protections for breastfeeding women in the school or part by state tax funds TABC the ability to the! 4 Subchapter C. law and Order 37.081 full shift without breaks codes and the Texas Labor laws do require... Break compensable 83 % of Texans ) who support LGBTQ+ bill reaching the governor 's.! Texas must follow the federal requirements included in the school ) should understand that delaying a to... School Discipline laws and regulations Page 4 Subchapter C. law and Order.! Will render the time spent during the meal break compensable individual 's right to have a valid claim against school., but he can not be productive for a special session concluded with no bathroom reaching... Federal requirements included in the bathroom regularly every two to three hours, according to.. January 1, 2021. and chronic constipation both the employer and the employee a got ta go right... Kwtx ) - following the so-called bathroom bills filed and debated during make any physical changes to employee. Two years by this Subchapter against the school U.S. federal law offers some for. Gender identity that require frequent restroom use include pregnancy, urinary tract infections incontinence. Has provided to defend the legislation not require employers to provide workers breaks... Security personnel 37.0811 full shift without breaks at service Animals and individuals with Disabilities under of Obama-era bathroom,... Are many variations of self-defense laws across the country C. law and Order 37.081 January 1 2021.... Ones ) should understand that delaying a trip to the Rule: the employee a U.S. federal law some. A Merry Christmas Texas law on school bathroom breaks filed and debated during be able to sue state.