turkish persian culture

Turkic ascendance to power in the Samanid court brought Turks as the main patrons of Persianate culture, and as they subjugated Western and Southern Asia, they brought along this culture. First, the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutasim (833-842) greatly increased the presence of Turkic mercenaries and Mamluk slaves in the Caliphate, and they eventually displaced Arabs and Persians from the military, and therefore from the political hegemony, starting an era of Turco-Persian symbiosis. Taken as a whole, Turkish cuisine is not homogenous. Omar Khayyam was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet. The Sunni peoples of eastern Mediterranean in Asia Minor, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Sunnis of Central Asia and India developed somewhat independently. The Ottomans integrated mosques into the community and added soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs. turkish culture has been heavily influenced by persian culture, from language basics to government structures, and almost every imaginable sphere of life, this has been continuing to be so since more than a millenia now. First established under Seljuqs, these schools became means of uniting Sunni ulama which legitimized the rule of the Sultans. The bureaucracies were staffed by graduates of the madrasas, so both the ulama and the bureaucracies were under the influence of esteemed professors at the madrasas. In the Kara-Khanid Khanate formed an ethnically and dogmatically diverse society. Traditional examples for Turkish folk literature include stories of Karagz and Hacivat, Kelolan, ncili avu and Nasreddin Hoca, as well as the works of folk poets such as Yunus Emre and Ak Veysel. The top 3 languages of the Middle East in terms of numbers of speakers are Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. There is a cultural tradition of almsgiving (charity), influenced by Islamic principles. Rumis works are written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish, Arabic, and Greek. Sinan started a new era in world architecture, creating 334 buildings in various cities. Ankara Opera House, designed by evki Balmumcu (193334) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (194647). More recently, Semih Kaplanolu won the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival with his Honey (2010 film); the third and final installment of the "Yusuf Trilogy", which includes Egg and Milk. However, it was about this time when the construction on the Ishak Pasha Palace (16851784) in Eastern Anatolia was going on. International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. [citation needed]. [3] The Second World War was a period of isolation, during which the Second National Architectural Movement emerged. And Rumis Masnavi is considered one of the most beautiful Persian literary works, if not of all Islamic writings. Explicitly opposing themselves to everything that had gone in poetry before, they sought instead to create a popular art, "to explore the people's tastes, to determine them, and to make them reign supreme over art". As Shahrokh Meskoob quoted, Identity is a reactive matter and attention to self becomes more meaningful in relation to others.. In keeping their native tongue, Persians expanded the nature of Islam from a religion with primary Arabic origins to a more encompassing world religion. It was Persianate in that it was centered on a lettered tradition of Iranian origin and it was Turkic insofar as it was founded by and for . The religious authorities of these non-Muslim communities became their spokesmen, just as the ulama were for the Muslim community, they also began overseeing internal communal affairs. The story of the colour blue in Persian culture begins with the use of two iconic sources - lapis lazuli and indigo, to which cobalt was added later. It is often called the "Seljuk Baroque portal." Prior. The best-known poets writing in the "Second New" vein were Turgut Uyar (19271985), Edip Cansever (19281986), Cemal Sreya (19311990), Ece Ayhan (19312002), and lhan Berk (19182008). [23] The cuisines of the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions display basic characteristics of Mediterranean cuisine as they are rich in vegetables, herbs and fish. Most classical period designs used the Byzantine architecture of the neighboring Balkans as its base, and from there, ethnic elements were added, creating a different architectural style. The institutions stabilized Islamic society into a form that would persist, at least in Western Asia, until the twentieth century. The Turkish people, or the Turks, are part of the Turkic ethnic group, and are considered to be the most populous among all the Turkic peoples. By far the majority of the poetry of the time, however, was in the tradition of the folk-inspired "syllabist" movement (Five Syllabists or Be Hececiler), which had emerged from the National Literature movement and which tended to express patriotic themes couched in the syllabic meter associated with Turkish folk poetry. During the Abbasid period the Persian influence upon Arabic literature had grown considerably. Circular, wavy and curved lines are predominant in the structures of this period. By the latter part of the tenth century, Samanid rulers gave the command of their army to Turkic generals. [15], The Turco-Persian Islamic culture that emerged under the Persianate Samanids, Ghaznavids, and Kara-Khanids was carried by succeeding dynasties into Western and Southern Asia, in particular, by the Seljuks (1040-1118), and their successor states, who presided over Persia, Syria, and Anatolia until the thirteenth century, and by the Ghaznavids, who in the same period dominated Greater Khorasan and most of present-day Pakistan. Turkic political ascendancy in the Samanid period in the tenth and eleventh centuries resulted in the fall of Samanid ruling institution to its Turkic generals; and in a rise of Turkic pastoralists in the countryside. 60% of Iran's population is Persian, but they also inhabit other countries such as Afghanistan,. Iran is still renowned as a multi-ethnic nation despite the dominance of Persian culture, and the Ler, Armenian, Azeri, Kurdish, Arab, Balochi, Turkish, and other ethnic groups each have their own unique literary and historical customs that extend back to many centuries. The origins of the First Turkic Khaganate is associated with Iranian elements. His works have been translated into more than twenty languages. History of tile (glazed brick), manufacture and decoration in Iran, goes back to the prehistoric period. The festivity traces its roots where Santa Claus was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba. 31, No. The Shahnameh or The Book of Kings is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi which is the national epic of Great Persia. Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India. The Islamic moral imagery that survived in informal relations emerged as the model of ideology expressed in its most political form in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the Islamic idealism of the Afghanistan mujahedin resistance movement.[31][32][33]. During the years 17201890, Ottoman architecture deviated from the principles of classical times. Its palette of blues, greens and white is cool . His other works are: Diwan, Asrar Nameh, Musibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh, Jawaher Nameh and Sharh ul Ghalb. Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature, is among the innovative novelists, whose works show the influence of postmodernism and magic realism. The Kara-Khanids were pastoralists of noble Turkic backgrounds, and they cherished their Turkic ways. [citation needed], The Kara-Khanid Khanate (9991140) at that time were gaining pre-eminence over the countryside. It has an important position among the various decorative arts in Iranian architecture. [2], Before the Ghaznavids broke away, the Samanid rulership was internally falling to its Turkic servants. Il-Khans and Timurids deliberately patronized Persianate high culture. His influence in the lives of Persian speakers can be found in Hafez readings and the frequent use of his poems in Persian traditional music, visual art, and Persian calligraphy. The rise of Turks in Samanid times brought a loss of Samanid southern territories to one of their Mamluks, who were governing on their behalf. Persian language and culture became the primary connection between Safavid Persia, Ottoman Turkey and Mughal India. Thus, the Turco-Persian culture was brought deep into India[16] and carried further in the thirteenth century. They were the core of a movement which became known as the "national literature.". Austin: University of Texas, 159, Titley, Norah M. 1983. In the sixteenth century several Turko-Persian empires arose: the Ottomans in Asia Minor and south-eastern Europe, Safavids in Persia, and Mughals in India. (1) The types of carpets vary greatly in terms of designs and colours but the three materials used predominantly in handmade carpets are wool, cotton, and silk. [9] This was the second time a Turkish film wins the award; first one being Susuz Yaz by Metin Erksan in 1964. On the contrary: it would only worsen the plight of many of those living in Syria, put Syrian refugees in Turkey in danger, spell the end of Kurdish self-determination . This composite culture was the beginning of the Turko-Persian variant of Islamicate culture. As "Persianate" it was centred on a lettered tradition of Persian origin, it was Turkic because for many generations it was patronized by rulers of Turkic heredity, and it was "Islamicate" because the Islamic notions of virtue, permanence, and excellence channeled the discourse about public issues and religious affairs of the Muslims, who were a presiding elite. Aryan M.Divan In June 2004, Mehmet Okur won the 2004 NBA Championship with the Detroit Pistons, becoming the first Turkish player to win an NBA title. The master architect of the classical period, Mimar Sinan, was born in 1492 in Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. [3], In subsequent centuries, the Turco-Persian culture was carried on further by conquering peoples to neighbouring regions, eventually becoming the predominant culture of the ruling and elite classes of South Asia, Central Asia and the Tarim Basin, and large parts of West Asia. The Ottoman system was a multi-ethnic state that enabled people within it not to mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire (albeit with a dominant Turkish and Southern European ruling class). [citation needed], In the ninth century a new Persian language emerged as the idiom of administration and literature. During the 1930s, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanolu and Vedat Nedim Tor published Kadro, which was revolutionary in its view of life. However, in informal relations, the social life of its inhabitants remained unaltered. persepolis - persian culture stock . [] The major centers of Islam in the late medieval and early modern periods, the centers of both political and cultural power, such as India, Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, were all part of this Iranian civilization. The most notable Persian artwork is seen in the masterful woven carpets. Persian is an ethnic group that is native to Iran, sharing common ancestry and culture. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the ehzade Mosque, completed in 1548. Women's volleyball teams such as Eczacba, Vakfbank, and Fenerbahe have been the most successful by far in any team sport, winning numerous European championship titles and medals. International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. Safavids erected grand mosques and built elegant gardens, collected books (one Safavid ruler had a library of 3,000 volumes) and patronized whole academies. Ferdowsi, author of Shahnameh, took 35 years to write his epic poem about the heroes of Ancient Persia. Nastaliq Mir Ali Tabrizi was a distinguished Iranian calligrapher in the 14th century. The reaction was immediate and polarized: most of the academic establishment and older poets vilified them, while much of the Turkish population embraced them wholeheartedly. The vast majority of citizens, however, share a common Turkish culture with some regional, urban-rural, social class, and ethnic variations. [25], The Safavids of the fifteenth century were leaders of a Sufi order, venerated by Turkmen tribesmen in eastern Anatolia. [5] It was Islamic in that Islamic notions of virtue, permanence, and excellence infused discourse about public issues as well as the religious affairs of the Muslims, who were the presiding elite. Tahirids and Saffarids continued using Persian as an informal language, although for them Arabic was the "only proper language for recording anything worthwhile, from poetry to science",[7] but the Samanids made Persian a language of learning and formal discourse. It was a refined language used for creating poetry and literature, but not one that everyday Turks could understand. Islamic ideals became predominant model for discussions about public affairs. The language had Turkish as a base, but strong influences of both Arabic and Persian. The five long poems, known collectively as the Khamsa (Quintet) or Panj Ganj (Five Treasures), composed by Nizami in the late twelfth century, set new standards in their own time for elegance of expression, richness of characterization, and narrative sophistication. Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during this period: the Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement; the Fecr-i t (Dawn of the Future) movement; and the Mill Edebiyyt (National Literature) movement. yet, the two nations remain clearly distinct, despite similar/comparable dimensions of life. the ascetic ( zhid) the dervish ( dervi)[citation needed], In the early years of the Republic of Turkey, there were a number of poetic trends. The Turks did not accept to live in captivity throughout . Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adopted a unitary approach, which leads the different cultures within its borders to mix with each other with the aim of producing a national and cultural identity. Much like African Americans and Japanese can be Christian, Persians and Arabs can be Muslim. The Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement began with the founding in 1891 of the magazine Servet-i Fnn (Scientific Wealth), which was largely devoted to progress (both intellectual and scientific) along the Western model. The earliest great poetry in New Persian was written for the Samanid court. One favorite is Norooz, a celebration of the Iranian New Year taking place on the Spring Equinox. [citation needed]. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has described his upcoming meeting with Syrian strongman Bashar al-Assad as a "new peace process". These two dynasties together drew the center of the Islamic world eastward. The composite Turko-Persian, Turco-Persian[2] or Turco-Iranian tradition (Persian: -) was a distinctive culture that arose in the 9th and 10th centuries in Khorasan and Transoxiana (present-day Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, minor parts of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan). Designed by ekip Akaln, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era. During the reign of Ahmed III (17031730) and under the impetus of his grand vizier brahim Paa, a period of peace ensued. Also important to the religion is the concept of the nature of good (Senta Mainyu) and evil (Angra Mainyu). The state accepts all citizens as Turks. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. (The profession can also carry implications of being an alchemist.). [26] The Safavids introduced Shiism into Persia to distinguish Persian society from the Ottoman, their Sunni rivals to the west.[5]. Also called "Court literature," this form drew from Persian court culture as reflected in the vocabulary of Ottoman Turkish. For example, the difference between Urfa kebab and Adana kebab is the use of garlic instead of onion and the larger amount of hot pepper that kebab contains. [2][19], The period from the eleventh to thirteenth century was a cultural blossom time in Western and Southern Asia. [13] The annual international yal gre (oiled wrestling) tournament that's held in Krkpnar near Edirne is the oldest continuously running, sanctioned sporting competition in the world, having taken place every year since 1362. Architects from the Balyan family were the leading ones of the time. The confusion between the two ethnicities seems to arise from their shared religion of Islam. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination. [2], The Ghaznavids moved their capital from Ghazni to Lahore, which they turned into another center of Islamic culture. [citation needed], Peter B. The vast majority of Divan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals or qasidas. The name Attar means herbalist or druggist, which was his profession. Istanbul Sapphire (200611) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe. Tiles are used in two different ways for art. [11] Fatih Akn was nominated for the Golden Palm and won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival; as well as the Golden Orange at the 2007 Antalya Film Festival; the Lino Brocka Award at the 2007 Cinemanila Film Festival; the Best Screenwriter award at the 2007 European Film Awards; the Best Direction, Best Screenplay and Outstanding Feature Film awards at the 2008 German Film Awards; the Best Feature Film and Best Screenplay awards at the 2008 RiverRun Film Festival; the 2008 Bavarian Film Award; and the Lux Prize by the European Parliament, with the film The Edge of Heaven. [] By the time of the great Mongol invasions of the thirteenth century, Iranian Islam had become not only an important component; it had become a dominant element in Islam itself, and for several centuries the main centers of the Islamic power and civilization were in countries that were, if not Iranian, at least marked by Iranian civilization. Ulama grew in prominence as the Samanids gave special support to Sunnism, in contrast with their Shiite neighbors, the Buyids. Persians now had a choice, they could accept a new culture, including nationality, language (Arabic) and religion (Islam), or they could hold tight to the unique attributes making up their Persian identities. After the fall of the Uyghur nomadic state, many Turkic peoples moved to Turkestan, then a predominantly Iranian and Tokharian region, which became increasingly Turkicized. Iran is the worlds largest producer and exporter of handmade carpets, producing three quarters of the worlds total output. Other mainstream sports such as basketball and volleyball are also popular. This area north of Siberia, south of the Himalayas, surrounded by the Caspian Sea to the east and west of the mountains Kingan a wide area. A shared culture spread from Mediterranean to the mouth of Ganges, despite political fragmentation and ethnic diversity.[2]. [27] They cultivated art, enticing to their courts artists and architects from Bukhara, Tabriz, Shiraz, and other cities of Islamic world. As the three ethnic groups ruled once an empire at their time in. The traditional Turkish national sport has been the Yal gre (Oiled Wrestling) since Ottoman times. Arabic was of course the language of scripture and law, but Persian was the language of poetry and literature. Turkish and Persian languages have some loanwords from each other, but there is no similarity between their grammar and pronunciation. Helping to distinguish between. The people spoke " kaba Trke " or "rough Turkish" which was a language much closer to the roots of the Turkic language. [20] The Alai era saw the overthrow of the old nobility of early Mamluk rule. [21] To this end, and inspired in part by contemporary French poets like Jacques Prvert, they employed not only a variant of the free verse introduced by Nzm Hikmet, but also highly colloquial language, and wrote primarily about mundane daily subjects and the ordinary man on the street. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 156874, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. Accordingly, the magazine's literary ventures, under the direction of the poet Tevfik Fikret, were geared towards creating a Western-style "high art" in Turkey. [22][23] After the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258, Delhi became the most important cultural center of the Muslim east. She is one of the most famous female poets of Iran. Young Pens was published in Selanik under mer Seyfettin, Ziya Gkalp and Ali Canip Yntem. Attars poetry inspired Rumi and many other Sufi poets. In India, the Mughal Empire decayed into warring states. Of all the reasons to learn a language, study or work abroad, migrate permanently to another country, jobs for language learners, cultural aspects, and learning as a hobby are primary motivators. "Persian Culture" - World's (Oldest & Richest) Cultures! From time to time Istanbul and Antalya also host the Turkish leg of the F1 Powerboat Racing championship; while the Turkish leg of the Red Bull Air Race World Series, an air racing competition, takes place above the Golden Horn in Istanbul. Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India. Other important novelists of this period were Ahmet Hamdi Tanpnar and Ouz Atay. The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara, Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. The major language in Iran, former Persia, is Farsi. But the truth is that a Turkish-Syrian deal would have no peace-making effects whatsoever. They are stone carvings, brick work, stucco and tile panels. Browse 17,485 persian culture stock photos and images available, or search for iran or iranian culture to find more great stock photos and pictures. Cultural affairs were marked by characteristic pattern of language use: New Persian was the language of state affairs and literature; New Persian and Arabic the languages of scholarship; Arabic the language of adjudication; and Turkic the language of the military.[16]. A style that was very similar to Baroque was developed by the Seljuk Turks, according to a number of academics. Turkey hosted the 2010 FIBA World Championship international basketball tournament and reached the final. won the Kora Cup in 1996, finished second in the Saporta Cup of 1993, and made it to the Final Four of Euroleague and Suproleague in 2000 and 2001. His collection of hundreds of quatrains (or rubais), was first translated from Farsi into English in 1859 by Edward Fitzgerald. Regional centers of Turkish culture first emerged, ie Central Asia. It gave a visual image to the literary plot, making it more enjoyable, and easier to understand. At the beginning of the fourteenth century the Ottomans rose to predominance in Asia Minor, and developed an empire that subjugated most of the Arab Islamic world as well as south-eastern Europe. 3. TEHRAN An Iranian-Turkish crew has completed production of "Infinite Territory", a documentary film scrutinizing the influence of Persian culture and literature on Anatolia. Okur was selected to the Western Conference All-Star Team for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, also becoming the first Turkish player to participate in this event.