Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. Dorothy was born in 1800, in Hannover, Hanover, Prussia, Germany. [50], While the ship was immobilized, Admiral Ciliax transferred to Z29. At the end, you will find the essay On Experience and Theory written in 1804. Finally promoted to Artillery Captain at age thirty-sixa circumstance largely due to his non-aristocratic originsScharnhorst proved his mettle against French Revolutionary forces in the defense of Menen in present-day Belgium. A repair ship completed work on the vessel in two weeks. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm IIIs offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. Scharnhorst was appointed to helm the Institute in the Military Science for Young Infantry and Cavalry Officers in Berlin, perhaps better known as the Kriegsakademie. [11], Scharnhorst's first operation began on 21 November 1939;[13] the ship, in company with her sister Gneisenau, the light cruiser Kln, and nine destroyers, was to patrol the area between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. The conning tower was protected with 350mm on the sides. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Her anti-aircraft armament consisted of fourteen 10.5cm L/65 and sixteen 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 L/83, and initially ten 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. Scharnhorst sank two ships. Scharnhorsts solution to dodge the restriction was every few months to send on leave veteran soldiers while their companies mustered and educated a batch of new recruits (the so-caller Krmpersystem). Mobile number (517) 944-0346 . cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. [9] Anonymous (Marie von Clausewitz), Erinnerung an den General Clausewitz und sein Verhltnis zu Scharnhorst, Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift, Vol. She did not return to Brest to avoid an undesirable concentration of heavy units in one port (the Prinz Eugen had arrived there on 21 July) but moored alongside at La Pallice on 23 July. Ltjens ordered Hoffmann to rejoin the flagship immediately. He was tragically killed by Prussian soldiers in battle. Try again later. [75] British ships began searching for survivors, but were soon ordered away after just a few were pulled out of the water even though voices could still be heard calling for help from the darkness. Sorry! Admiral Lutjens was the commander-in-chief of the operation, he would go on to command the cruise of Bismarck and Prinz . When the officer in the General Staff has received a good education in times of peace, in times of war he will quickly become useful in many roles. These are necessary if we wish, in all cases that occur, thanks to resemblance in circumstances, to be able to judge to some degree the success of an enterprise and avoid the mistakes experience could discoverif we wish to consult all the special circumstances and among the numerous possibilities to choose the most beneficial ones. The number of 2cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. [3] Next to Whites The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805, in English you can read more on Scharnhorsts life in Michael Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff, Canadian Defense Forces Publication. 76 Squadron RAF flew the extra 200 miles (320km) to reach Scharnhorst and the rest of the raid on Brest went ahead as planned, with Prinz Eugen and Gneisenau as their principal targets. [44], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. If you know of things missing or have corrections, please log in and submit them. At 16:00 on 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik. [40][41][42], Two of the 454kg bombs hit amidships between the 15cm and 10.5cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. Header Image: Portrait of General Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst painted by the Circle of Friedrich Bury (Wikimedia). [31], On 15 March, the two battleships, with the two tankers in company, encountered a dispersed convoy in the mid-Atlantic. [20], The two ships left Wilhelmshaven on 4 June to return to Norway. Failed to delete memorial. He ruled as an enlightened Prince over his tiny-but-independent principality of some 20,000 people, north of Hanover. Simultaneously, Scharnhorst created the Military Society (Militrische Gesellschaft), where many of the ideas and personalities would emerge that later transformed the Prussian Army and ultimately led it to its victory over Napoleon. The design also enabled the ship to be up-gunned with six 15-inch guns, which never took place. Father of Hinrich Scharnhorst; Jochen Scharnhorst; Becke Margarethe Gloistein and Engelbert Scharnhorst. [17] Henry Kissinger, A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973), 49. [30] She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. The rear turret was disabled and 48 men were killed. ", At 18:42, Duke of York ceased fire, having fired 52 salvos and having scored at least 13 hits, but Scharnhorst was pulling away. Captain Otto Ciliax , Captain of the German battleship 'Scharnhorst', carries out an inspection of the crew, circa 1939. Shortly before 12:25, Scharnhorst hit Norfolk twice with 28cm shells. I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the Scharnhorst was commanded today. Please reset your password. MDHHS-InspectorGeneral@michigan.gov. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Family members linked to this person will appear here. [51], The ship struck another mine off Terschelling on the starboard side at 22:34. He died on 7 April 1991, in Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany, at the age of 88. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Friedrich Buchardt - Member of the Einsatzgruppen death squads, who started off grading people on their Germanness and then progressed to outright genocide. The wreck was positively identified by an ROV on 10 September, which located armament consistent with that of Scharnhorst. Nothing in Scharnhorsts early life suggested that he would become a great military reformer and a Prussian war hero. The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. The convoy was spotted again two days later, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union. While furthering his own education, "learning by teaching" is Michael Schoy's phrase, he gained a reputation as a pioneering military educator. In the Seven Years War (1757-1763), Count Wilhelm commanded the allied artillery of Prussia, Hanover, England, and Schaumburg-Lippe, and also played a significant role in the French defeat in the Battle of Minden in 1759. [7] He also began publishing journals, first Militair Bibliothek (1782-1784), then Bibliothek fr Officiere (1785), and finally the most famous, Neues Militrisches Journal (1797-1805), aiming at those interested in broadening their understanding of the military profession. The cruiser opened fire three minutes later, followed by Norfolk two minutes after. [15] Later, in the 1813-1814 Campaign, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Boyen, Grolman, and Clausewitz would be deployed as chiefs of staff for various armies and corps and prove the systems viability. Year should not be greater than current year. [22] The Germans then launched their Arado 196 float planes to search for more Allied vessels. As a famed officer enjoying offers from other German states, Scharnhorst began negotiations with Prussia for a transfer. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. Just like Clausewitz later, Scharnhorst wished more than anything to assume command. People Projects Discussions Surnames The two ships then turned west for 24hours while temporary repairs were effected. [52] Another attempt to reach Norway was canceled under similar circumstances. Work was conducted in a floating dry dock and lasted until July 1942. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. Gerhard had 4 siblings: Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and 3 other siblings. Michael Schoy. Plans to replace these weapons with six 38cm (15in) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were never carried out. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. [13] More information about the two lesser known members of the reform circle: Tiedemann was Clausewitzs best friend in the Kriegsakademie and also left Prussian service in 1812 to fight against Napoleon in Russia. More on Tiedemann, see Paret, Clausewitz and the State, 186-188 and 225, and Vanya Eftimova Bellinger, Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of ON WAR (New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2015), 127-128. His new commander was another extraordinary man, Emmerich von Estorff. At 18:32 Scharnhorst (as the closer ship) opened fire with her main armament on Glorious, at a range of 26,000m (28,000yd; 16mi). Try again later. Estorff displayed a different approach than Count Willem, for he believed wars ravages should be kept as far as possible from the homeland. Even in this moment of professional triumph, Scharnhorst had to swallow a bitter pill. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. The second 227kg bomb fell forward of the rear main battery turret and penetrated the first two decks. On Prince Augusts colorful life and achievements, Eve Haas and Herzeleide Henning, Prinz August von Preussen (Berlin: Schlapp Verlag, 1988). https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35136105/friedrich-fritz-scharnhorst. Scharnhorst took on a list of one degree and was down by the bows by a meter. Resend Activation Email. Without Gerhard von Scharnhorst, it is unlikely there would be a Carl von Clausewitz. His principal staff officer, Louis Alexandre Berthier, was an experienced and hard-working subordinate able to translate the emperors wishes into stellar orders. As a result, she went back to the dockyard for extensive modification of the bow. [45] By 13:00, the ships had cleared the Strait of Dover; half an hour later, a flight of six Swordfish torpedo bombers, with Spitfire escort, attacked the Germans. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. 866-428-0005. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989. By 3 February, the two battleships had evaded the last British cruiser patrol, and had broken into the open Atlantic. Extensive damage from shellfire and torpedoes is evident; the bow was blown off, presumably from a magazine explosion in the forward turrets, and lies in a tangled mass of steel some distance from the rest of the hull. I have often seen how deficient, in terms of providing advice, those perform who apply only the facts they have personally experienced. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. During the repair process, the aircraft catapult that had been installed on the rear gun turret was removed. The following day a reconnaissance plane from RAF Coastal Command spotted the ship, and a raid by twelve Hudson bombers took place on 11 June. Shell splinters started a fire in the ammunition magazine, which forced the Germans to flood both forward magazines to prevent an explosion. No one knew how well he would perform in a real war, however. When the king finally switched sides in the spring of 1813, Scharnhorst swiftly unfolded the plans for mass mobilization prepared by his circle. [57] Fraser in the powerful battleship Duke of York, along with the cruiser Jamaica and four destroyers, moved to a position southwest of Scharnhorst to block a possible escape attempt. Friedrichlived in 1832, at address. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. At 13:15, Bey decided to return to base, and at 13:43, he dismissed the destroyers and instructed them to return to port. Prinz Eugen had been seriously damaged by a bomb on 1 July. She was the lead ship of her class, which included her sister ship Gneisenau. Praise for Death in Focus Burnett chose to keep his distance and shadow Scharnhorst with radar while Fraser made his way to the scene in Duke of York. Becke Margarethe Gloistein (geb. [43], The strategic position following the damage to Scharnhorst was serious. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. As Scharnhorsts life and legacy remain less known than Clausewitzs, the following passages also offer a brief introduction. [4], Scharnhorst had an armor belt that was 350mm (13.8in) thick in the central portion, where it protected the ship's ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces. [21], At 17:45, the German battleships spotted the British aircraft carrier Glorious and two escorting destroyers, Ardent and Acasta, at a range of some 40,000m (44,000yd; 25mi). [51] The shock damaged the rotating parts of all of the ship's gun turrets, and three of the 15cm turrets were seriously jammed. Damage-control teams managed to correct the list with counter-flooding, and although draft increased by 1m (3.3ft), Scharnhorst was able to leave for Brest at 19:30. Berlins cultural and military elite did not welcome him warmly. Admiral Marschall detached Admiral Hipper and the four destroyers to refuel in Trondheim, while he would steam to the Harstad area. In his instructions to Bey, Dnitz advised him to break off the engagement if presented with superior forces, but to remain aggressive. The torpedo hit caused serious damage; it tore a hole 14 by 6m (15.3 by 6.6yd) and allowed 2,500t (2,500 long tons; 2,800 short tons) of water into the ship. Repairs were quickly completed, and on 22 January 1941, the two ships, under the command of Admiral Gnther Ltjens, left port for the North Atlantic. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. Shortly after 08:30 on 8 February, lookouts spotted convoy HX 106, escorted by the battleship Ramillies. In early February, minesweepers swept a route through the English Channel undetected by the British. Vice Admiral Otto Ciliax, Scharnhorst's first commander, was given command of the operation. On 8 March, however, poor weather grounded the British bombers, and so Scharnhorst and four destroyers were able to make the journey to Norway. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. [13], By 17:16, Rawalpindi was burning badly and in the process of sinking. [66], Scharnhorst turned south and attempted to work around the cruisers, but the superior British radar prevented Bey from successfully carrying out the maneuver. by Johannes Kunisch, Michael Sikora, etc., Vol. The views expressed are her own and do not reflect the official position of the U.S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. [12], To fulfill his reform agenda, Scharnhorst surrounded himself with a group of talented officers, some of them his former students. [6] In October 1943,[7] shortly before Scharnhorst's last mission, Hffmeier was replaced by KzS Fritz Hintze,[8] who was killed during the ship's final battle. [71], At around 18:00, another 14in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. [11] Scharnhorst was commissioned into the fleet on 9 January for sea trials,[12] which revealed a dangerous tendency to ship considerable amounts of water in heavy seas. 1255/56 (Jahreswechsel Juli) thiopischer Kalender. [45] The torpedo boats were led by Kapitn Erich Bey, aboard the destroyer Z29. Prince August was a first cousin of the king, a classmate of Clausewitz, and his superior officer between 1804-1808. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. After several more torpedo hits, Scharnhorst settled further into the water and began to list to starboard. New York Times bestselling author Anne Perry merges family secrets with suspense on the world stage, as darkness bubbles under the surface of a Europe on the brink of change. This is a carousel with slides. 1-8 (Vienna: Boelau Verlag, 2002-2014). We have set your language to The torpedoes slowed Scharnhorst to 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), which allowed Duke of York to close to 9,100m (10,000yd). The joints with the torpedo bulkhead were weakened enough to cause leaking. Scharnhorst, from a portrait by Friedrich Bury (Britannica). All German capital ships deployed to the Atlantic were therefore out of action. In that engagement Scharnhorst achieved one of the longest-range naval gunfire hits in history. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? In June 1794, he was promoted to Major and appointed as a staff officer at the Hanoverian headquarters. [73] One torpedo exploded abreast of turret Bruno, which caused it to jam. Scharnhorst harbored a deep conviction that education and knowledge could empower officers and help them navigate a complex field. Both were driven off by anti-aircraft fire and fighters. After locating a large submerged object, the research team then used the Royal Norwegian Navy's underwater recovery vessel HNoMSTyr to examine the object visually. Geni requires JavaScript! Scharnhorst, however, did not live to see the fruits of his efforts. How uncertain and fearful they are in undertaking something the circumstances require, but they have never encountered in the span of their life. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. The Halifax heavy bombers of No. Drag images here or select from your computer for Friedrich Fritz Fred Scharnhorst memorial. Meanwhile, the five German destroyers continued searching for the convoy without success. [31] One of the surviving ships radioed the location of the German battleships, which summoned the powerful British battleships Rodney and King George V. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau used their high speed to escape in a squall, and the intervention by the British battleships convinced Ltjens that the chances of further success were small. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. It either had to openly switch sides, fight France with everything it had and utterly defeat Napoleon, or face national disintegration. View Full Report . [16], At 09:15 the following morning, Admiral Hipper was detached to reinforce the destroyers at Narvik, which had reported engaging British forces. 2015-4 as an independent and autonomous entity within MDHHS. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were the covering force for the assaults on Narvik and Trondheim; the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on the morning of 7 April. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. The so-called "Channel Dash", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. The Education of the Enlightened Soldier. MCU Journal Vol. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Thanks for your help! In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. Born in 1800, he would steam to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have opportunity. Bows by a bomb on 1 July before 12:25, Scharnhorst began negotiations Prussia. Afternoon of 9 June, where the repair process, the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on 4 June to to... Than one photo, additional photos will appear here and examine these records determine! Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and 3 other siblings less known than Clausewitzs, the following also! Hanover, Prussia, Germany, at the age of 88 unlikely there would be a Carl Clausewitz! Your computer for Friedrich Fritz Fred Scharnhorst memorial need help resetting your.... 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