Abraham Lincoln represented the new Republican Party and Stephen Douglas, the Northern Democrat, was seen as his biggest rival. How did this actually affect armies? Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. The abolitionists came with a variety of viewpoints. At the crux of it all, however, was the fight over slavery. Harriet Beecher Stowes anti-slavery novel Uncle Toms Cabins was published in serial form in an anti-slavery newspaper in 1851 and in book format in 1852. Conflict over slavery between the North and South is a long term cause of the Civil War because it spanned over a very long time. However, the extent to which the slavery issue caused the war is subject to the reader's interpretation. Extraordinary exceptions however do exist. What was the immediate cause of the Civil War? Best study tips and tricks for your exams. These factors were very crucial in the bringing upon of the destruction of the Union. If we consider these two images of the inaugurationone a photograph and the other a color lithographwe see people of all ages including some Black figures gathered around the Capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama. Harriet Beecher Stowewrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin," a popular novel that opened many eyes to the reality of enslavement. The 3630 line is also known as the _______ line. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the enslavement of people not only remained legal in all 13 British American colonies, but it also continued to play a significant role in their economies and societies. Slave Revolts, Abolition, and the Underground Railroad, Resisting Racism in Policing and the Justice System, Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Imagining the West, territorial expansion, and the politics of slavery, John C. Calhoun, Slavery as a Positive Good, 1837. The Northern Whigs went on to create the _____ party. [9] Her 1861 purple velvet dress with satin piping and mother-of-pearl buttons was made for Mrs. Lincoln to convey that she was both dignified and competent, characteristics that had important political and diplomatic functions in the early months of the Civil War (the gown was worn in late 1861early 1862). . Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Exposing Slavery: Photography, Human Bondage, and the Birth of Modern Visual Politics in America. We must also consider what the visual record does not contain. Statistical View of the United States, Compendium of the Seventh Census. (2021, July 29). The last one, Tennessee, did not depart until June 8, nearly a week after the first land battle had been fought at Philippi in Western Virginia. The immediate causer of the Civil War was the Souths decision to secede from the Union after the election of 1860. a decline in the policy of imperialism. (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian American Art Museum, 2012), p. 35. The South already controlled Federal installations and forced members of the Union out of their territories. The famous Dred Scott Decision in 1857 denied his request stating that no person with African blood could become a U.S. citizen. Alexander M. Stephens and Brendan A. Stephens, Georgias paean to Confederacy at U.S. capitol must go,, https://smarthistory.org/seeing-america-2/civil-war-in-art/intro-causes-civil-war/. A major cause of World War I was. This led Abraham Lincoln to issue a call for troops to crush the rebellion, which in turn caused Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas to secede from the Union. IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision John Brown Illinois senator Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad up north with Chicago as a major stationproposed to organize Kansas and Nebraska through the Kansas-Nebraska Act and move the transcontinental railroad up north Southerners wouldn't agree unless they got something in return. What year were the Lincoln Douglas debates? There is no singular cause that led up to the Civil War, with multiple problems ranging from federal and state rights, to the economy, to the election of 1860. Lincoln called for volunteers to put down the Southern rebellion. Many Northern industries were purchasing the South's raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. first of all, the freedom of slaves led to dilemmas concerning housing, clothing, food, employment; the financial difficulties which led to having no money, closure of banks, inadequacy of supply of basic commodities, destruction of railroads and bridges, devastation of plantation and crops; as well as, the defeat of the confederacy which Images in a divided world. CAUSEOF THE CIVILWARIn 1860 the world 's greatest nation was locked in CivilWar. For these reasons, the lithograph condenses and heightens the importance of this moment. north. Jackson had vowed to send an army to force the state to stay in the Union, and Congress authorized him to raise such an army (all Southern senators walked out in protest before the vote was taken), but a compromise prevented the confrontation from occurring. Despite his efforts, the idea was continuously denied by the government. The immediate cause of the Civil War was the attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861. Still others, including Abraham Lincoln, simply hoped to keep slavery from expanding. The immediate effects of the Union winning the US Civil War was an. [2], In fact, white southerners were not ashamed that millions of Black people were enslaved in their states; they proudly proclaimed that slavery was a positive good. [3], interfere with slavery where it already existed, slaveholders seized the opportunity of his election to break with the U.S. government and create a new nation where slavery could be protected forever. Which candidate later became president of the US? This led to what is known as "Secession Winter," where six more states would follow in South Carolina's footsteps, soon creating "The, reasonings for secession to be similar to the. . States Rights refers to the struggle between the federal government and individual states over political power. An interview with historian Richard M. McMurry on his 2023 book, The Civil Wars of General Joseph E. Johnston, Confederate States Army., History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. With the Union rapidly falling apart, Abraham Lincoln knew he must act, and with the refusal of a peaceful entrance back into the Union, there was not much left to do but fight. The immediate cause of the Civil War was the attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861. What happened to Lincoln just after the Civil War? The Whig Party was formed in opposition of ____? Why was the Whig Party so supportive of the National Banks of the US? They had too much power over state banks. The following is a timeline of the events that led to the Civil War. Causes of the Civil War Although some historians feel that the Civil War was a result of political blunders and that the issue of slavery did not cause the conflict, they ignore the two main causes. Why did the Whig Party refer to Andrew Jackson as King Andrew? These contrasting views of power created many issues concerning documents such as the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (which tragically led to a period known as "Bleeding Kansas"). Any territory _____ of the 3630 line was not allowed to be a slave state. Historians widely agree: slavery was the most important cause of the war. The Algerian population started showing their will and desire of freedom and independance. [4] In his first inaugural address, Lincoln said I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. In the Civil War era, this struggle focused heavily on the institution of slavery and whether the federal government had the right to regulate or even abolish slavery within an individual state. In the decades that followed, who had said the Confederacys corner-stone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man still stand in public and civic spaces, including one in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., erected in 1927 during the, The artist who created the sculpture of Stephens, Gutzon Borglum, also worked on the enormous memorial celebrating the Confederacy carved on the side of. A number of events helped fuel the cause for abolition in the 1850s. William J. Cooper, We Have the War upon Us: The Onset of the Civil War, November 1860-April 1861 (New York: Knopf, 2012), 14. Other mountainous regions of the South, such as East Tennessee, also favored such a course but were too far from the support of Federal forces to attempt it. She was able to purchase her own freedom and that of her son in 1852 using $1,200 she earned from her sewing and that she was able to borrow from her wealthy clientele. The South wanted its reasonings for secession to be similar to the Declaration of Independence. Frederic Edwin Church at The Metropolitan Museum of Arts Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. 1861 In April 1861, the Confederate Army would fire on Fort Sumter in South Carolina, beginning the Civil War until April 1865. The politics of the day were as stormy as the anti-slavery campaigns. A group that included Theodore Weld and Arthur Tappan advocated for emancipating enslaved people slowly. Question 30. This decision by the U.S. Supreme Court is viewed by Constitutional Scholars today as one of the worst rulings in U.S. History. The fight even erupted on the floor of the Senate when anti-slavery proponent Sen. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts was beaten on the head by South Carolina Sen. Preston Brooks. Not a single shot was fired in that exchange, but the stage was set for the bloodiest war in American history. Pro- and anti-slavery groups rushed to populate the new territories. government asserted that right by seizing federal property within its states' borders. Washington: A.O.P. This resulted in the idea of nullification, whereby the states would have the right to rule federal acts unconstitutional. An attempt was made to ensure that equal numbers of free states and pro-slavery states were admitted to the Union, but over time this proved difficult. In the North, this new party was seen as both anti-slavery and for the advancement of the American economy. In June 2021, the House of Representatives voted to remove statues that honor Confederate leaders. Will you pass the quiz? Abolitionists used images to make the horrors of slavery vivid for white audiences, while slaverys apologists used them to paint fictitious images of happy slaves and cheerful plantation life. 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